Quick Wiki
- Full Name Rudolf I Count of Habsburg House
- Nickname Rudolf I of Germany
- Birth Date May 01, 1218
- Death Date 1991-07-15
- Place Of Death Speyer, present Germany
- Nationality German
- Birthplace Limburg-im-Breisgau, present Germany
- Religious Affiliation Catholid
- Occupation Monarch of Germany
- Father Albert IV Count of Habsburg
- Relationship Status Married
- Wife Gertrude of Zollern-Hohenberg-Haigerloc (1245-1281) & Isabella, Daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy (1284-1291)
- Children 2 (Albert I of Germany & Rudolf II Duke of Austria)
Rudolf I of Germany | Biography
Rudolf's coronation occurred on 24 October 1273 at Aachen. After a year, in September of 1274, he was recognized as the Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Gregory X. However, they were on the condition that the imperial rights fell upon Rome, the papal territories (territories led by the Pope), and Italy.
First Count of Habsburg to become the King of Germany and Roman Holy Empire.
Who is Rudolf I of Germany?
Rudolf I was a Count of the Habsburg Dynasty. He was born on 1 May 1218 in Limburg-im-Breisgau, present Germany.
In 1273 he was elected as the King of Germany and the Holy Roman Emperor. His predecessor Frederick II from the House of Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily passed away in 1250.
That was followed by a 23-year-long interregnum, where the normal government functioning gets suspended due to the absence of a monarch. It was ended to throw out the powerful candidate Otakar II of Bohemia, who was not born in Germany. Hence, Rudolf was elected.
Rudolf's coronation occurred on 24 October 1273 at Aachen. After a year, in September of 1274, he was recognized as the Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Gregory X. However, they were on the condition that the imperial rights fell upon Rome, the papal territories (territories led by the Pope), and Italy.
It was intended to lead a new crusade(religious wars initiated by the Latin Church to recover the land of Jerusalem from Islamic rule).
Rudolf went on to occupy Austria, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola, all from Otakar II of Bohemia. Then, in August 1276, Otakar passed away while battling to reoccupy claim over Austria from Rudolf at the Battle of Dürnkrut. And later, Rudolf divided those territories among his sons, Albert and Rudolf, to maintain the Habsburg House's power over the region.
Rudolf's marriage also led to immense power plays in his life. He was initially married to Gertrude of Zollern-Hohenberg-Haigerloc in 1245 before he became the King. At that time, he was trying to increase the land territory his father had left him. And Gertrude's influence was said to be great assistance in his heists. But she passed away in 1281.
He remarried French-born Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, in 1284. That brought him closer to the French courts, which were not properly regarded by the Roman Empire. And it furthered his chances of gaining full imperial rights as the Roman Emperor.
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Later from 1287 to 1291, he even tried to accomplish his monarchial rights by imposing taxation on his territorial cities. But he failed in the process. Because of this, he could not secure his imperial position for his son, Adolf. As a result, the German electors concluded that the crown should not be a hereditary possession of Habsburg House.
Rudolf, I passed away on 15 July 1291, in Speyer, present Germany. He could not witness his son, Albert I of Habsburg, become the King of Germany in 1298.
